2 The experiences of those countries suggest that reform is most effective and most smoothly accomplished under conditions of a stable macroeconomic environment and sound fiscal policies. This analysis is based on detailed studies of five countries (Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, and Turkey) that are used to extract lessons on how to best include the abolition of a liquid asset requirement into a wider financial restructuring program. Because a number of countries have reformed or removed their requirements, the paper also examines transition issues in such changes. This paper reviews key analytical issues and central bank practices pertaining to liquid asset requirements, focusing on their effectiveness as a monetary or prudential tool.

In the area of banking, this effort involved implementing structural reforms in banking, including banking supervision and bank restructuring, to enhance banks’ efficiency in liquidity management and steps to enhance the effective implementation and transmission of monetary policy, including through streamlining the payment and settlement system. In the area of public debt management, it involved greater emphasis on selling government debt at market interest rates. In the area of monetary management, this effort involved using indirect instruments of monetary policy such as open market operations instead of direct instruments such as interest rate controls or credit ceilings. Typically, reform of this requirement has been part of a broader effort by countries to make financial intermediation more efficient by relying more on markets and less on regulations. But, from a monetary standpoint, a liquid asset requirement is an inefficient instrument that may introduce serious distortions. In any case, liquid asset requirements have a significant monetary effect only to the extent that the assets used to satisfy them are a central bank liability or are issued and negotiated abroad. Under such circumstances, liquid asset requirements lead to inefficiencies and disintermediation and become increasingly ineffective for monetary control. When eligible securities carry below-market returns, financial flows tend to be diverted to markets or institutions that are exempted from the ratio. Several problems have typically led countries to undertake such a reform.

Reform has included lowering liquid asset ratios to the minimum level necessary to manage cash flows and facilitate interbank settlements, allowing for averaging of liquid asset balances and including among the list of eligible assets those that can be realized in a relatively short time without significant loss of principal. However, the general trend has been to reform this instrument with a view to improving banks’ liquidity management. Recently, this requirement has been used in the context of currency board arrangements as a prudential instrument to help banks meet their systemic liquidity needs, given the limitations such arrangements set on the central bank’s ability to act as a lender of last resort. 1 In developing countries their use mainly reflects a mix of monetary and prudential purposes. Industrial countries have for the most part eliminated the use of a binding liquid asset requirement for monetary and prudential purposes. This requirement may be maintained on a day-to-day or on an average basis. The eligible range of assets varies, but usually includes cash, deposits with the central bank, correspondent accounts, and government securities. In a number of countries this requirement is calculated as a percentage of short-term liabilities. The following statement explains the basic example of the REGEXP_LIKE function in MySQL.A liquid asset requirement, or ratio, is defined as the obligation of commercial banks to maintain a predetermined percentage of total deposits and certain other liabilities in the form of liquid assets. Let us understand how we can use this function in MySQL with various examples. u: It represents Unix-only line endings that recognize only the newline character by the.By default, it will stop at the end of a line. (dot) character to match line terminators. By default, this function matches line terminators at the start and end of the string. m: It represents a multiple-line mode that recognizes line terminators within the string.i: It represents a case-insensitive matching.c: It represents a case-sensitive matching.It uses the following possible characters to perform matching. Match_type: It is a string that allows us to refine the regular expression. Pattern: It represents the regular expression for which we are testing the string. The explanation of the REGEXP_LIKE() function parameters are:Įxpression: It is an input string on which we perform searching for matching the regular expression.

Mysql like or regexp